> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.realtimelca.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Denmark

> Calculation types Real-Time LCA provides for Danish building regulations — BR18, Low emission, and Reduction roadmap.

export const LifecyclePhases = ({included = [], declaredSeparately = [], note}) => {
  const expand = codes => {
    const set = new Set();
    codes.forEach(code => {
      if (code === 'A1A3') ['A1', 'A2', 'A3'].forEach(c => set.add(c)); else set.add(code);
    });
    return set;
  };
  const inc = expand(included);
  const sep = expand(declaredSeparately);
  const stages = [{
    name: 'Product',
    modules: [['A1', 'Raw materials'], ['A2', 'Transportation'], ['A3', 'Manufacturing']]
  }, {
    name: 'Construction process',
    modules: [['A4', 'Transportation'], ['A5', 'Construction / Assembly']]
  }, {
    name: 'Use',
    modules: [['B1', 'Use'], ['B2', 'Maintenance'], ['B3', 'Repair'], ['B4', 'Replacement'], ['B5', 'Renovation'], ['B6', 'Energy consumption for operation'], ['B7', 'Water consumption for operation']]
  }, {
    name: 'End of life',
    modules: [['C1', 'Demolition'], ['C2', 'Transportation'], ['C3', 'Waste pretreatment'], ['C4', 'Disposal']]
  }, {
    name: 'Beyond the system boundary',
    modules: [['D', 'Potential for reuse, recycling and other recovery']]
  }];
  const bg = code => {
    if (inc.has(code)) return '#D6DAFF';
    if (sep.has(code)) return '#E8E6E6';
    return 'transparent';
  };
  const fg = code => inc.has(code) || sep.has(code) ? '#000' : 'inherit';
  return <div>
      <table style={{
    borderCollapse: 'collapse',
    width: '100%',
    margin: '0.5em 0'
  }}>
        <thead>
          <tr>
            <th align="left" style={{
    padding: '8px',
    borderBottom: '1px solid #ccc'
  }}>Stage</th>
            <th align="left" colSpan={2} style={{
    padding: '8px',
    borderBottom: '1px solid #ccc'
  }}>Module</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          {stages.flatMap(stage => stage.modules.map(([code, label], idx) => <tr key={code}>
                {idx === 0 && <td rowSpan={stage.modules.length} valign="top" style={{
    padding: '8px',
    borderBottom: '1px solid #eee'
  }}>
                    <strong>{stage.name}</strong>
                  </td>}
                <td style={{
    backgroundColor: bg(code),
    color: fg(code),
    padding: '8px',
    width: '60px'
  }}>
                  <strong>{code}</strong>
                </td>
                <td style={{
    backgroundColor: bg(code),
    color: fg(code),
    padding: '8px'
  }}>{label}</td>
              </tr>))}
        </tbody>
      </table>
      {note && <p style={{
    marginTop: '0.5em',
    fontStyle: 'italic',
    fontSize: '0.9em'
  }}>{note}</p>}
    </div>;
};

Real-Time LCA implements the Danish building regulation **BR18** (Bygningsreglementet) [§297–298](https://www.bygningsreglementet.dk/tekniske-bestemmelser/11/krav/297_298/#c64981c6-c158-4e7f-a6e4-11aa7c248abf) climate requirements and the related voluntary frameworks. Five regulatory calculation types are available for Danish projects, alongside Custom and [Level(s)](/methodology-and-compliance/levels).

All Danish calculation types use a **reference study period of 50 years** and report **Global Warming Potential (GWP)** in **kg CO₂-eq per m² GFA per year**.

export const CurrentPill = () => <span style={{
  display: 'inline-block',
  padding: '2px 10px',
  marginLeft: '10px',
  borderRadius: '12px',
  fontSize: '0.55em',
  fontWeight: 700,
  letterSpacing: '0.05em',
  textTransform: 'uppercase',
  backgroundColor: '#2036FF',
  color: 'white',
  verticalAlign: 'middle'
}}>Current</span>;

## BR18 (2025) <CurrentPill />

The 2025 ruleset of BR18 §297–298 — the **currently effective** building regulation for new Danish buildings. Tightens scope versus the 2023 ruleset by adding A4 and A5, and replaces the single limit value with **per-building-type thresholds**.

<LifecyclePhases included={['A1A3', 'A4', 'A5', 'B4', 'B6', 'C3', 'C4', 'D']} note="Blue = required modules under BR18 (2025). A4 and A5 are newly required vs. the 2023 ruleset." />

* **Threshold:** **per-building-type**. See the table below for the full list of limits.
* **Installation-emissions threshold:** **1.5 kg CO₂-eq / m² / year** applied to modules A4 + A5 across all building types.
* **Output:** BR18 Excel export.

### Threshold by building type — BR18 (2025)

**Bolig (Housing)**

| Building type                | Applies to          | Threshold (kg CO₂-eq / m² / year) | Installation threshold (A4 + A5) |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------- | --------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| Fritliggende enfamiliehuse   | All sizes           | 6.7                               | 1.5                              |
| Etageboliger                 | All sizes           | 7.5                               | 1.5                              |
| Række-, kæde- og dobbelthuse | All sizes           | 6.7                               | 1.5                              |
| Sommerhus                    | ≤ 149 m² total area | 4                                 | 1.5                              |
| Sommerhus                    | > 149 m² total area | 6.7                               | 1.5                              |
| Campinghytte                 | ≤ 149 m² total area | 4                                 | 1.5                              |
| Campinghytte                 | > 149 m² total area | 6.7                               | 1.5                              |
| Anden feriebolig             | ≤ 149 m² total area | 4                                 | 1.5                              |
| Anden feriebolig             | > 149 m² total area | 6.7                               | 1.5                              |
| Ikke defineret               | —                   | Not yet defined                   | —                                |

**Andet byggeri (Other construction)**

| Building type       | Applies to | Threshold (kg CO₂-eq / m² / year) | Installation threshold (A4 + A5) |
| ------------------- | ---------- | --------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| Kontor              | All sizes  | 7.5                               | 1.5                              |
| Skole / institution | All sizes  | 8                                 | 1.5                              |
| Handel              | All sizes  | 7.5                               | 1.5                              |
| Lager o. lign.      | All sizes  | 7.5                               | 1.5                              |
| Produktion          | All sizes  | 8                                 | 1.5                              |
| Hotel               | All sizes  | 8                                 | 1.5                              |
| Øvrigt byggeri      | All sizes  | 8                                 | 1.5                              |
| Ikke defineret      | —          | Not yet defined                   | —                                |

<Note>
  For **Sommerhus**, **Campinghytte**, and **Anden feriebolig**, the lower threshold applies to projects with a total area of 149 m² or less; larger projects of the same type use the higher threshold. See [Assumptions and defaults](/methodology-and-compliance/assumptions-and-defaults) for where the building type is selected in the project view.
</Note>

## Low emission (2025)

The voluntary low-emission class for BR18 (2025). Module set matches BR18 (2025); per-building-type thresholds are tighter and the installation-emissions threshold is reduced.

<LifecyclePhases included={['A1A3', 'A4', 'A5', 'B4', 'B6', 'C3', 'C4', 'D']} note="Same module set as BR18 (2025); tighter per-building-type thresholds." />

* **Threshold:** **per-building-type**. See the table below.
* **Installation-emissions threshold:** **1.1 kg CO₂-eq / m² / year** applied to modules A4 + A5.

### Threshold by building type — Low emission (2025)

**Bolig (Housing)**

| Building type                | Applies to          | Threshold (kg CO₂-eq / m² / year) | Installation threshold (A4 + A5) |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------- | --------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| Fritliggende enfamiliehuse   | All sizes           | 5.4                               | 1.1                              |
| Etageboliger                 | All sizes           | 6.1                               | 1.1                              |
| Række-, kæde- og dobbelthuse | All sizes           | 5.4                               | 1.1                              |
| Sommerhus                    | ≤ 149 m² total area | 3.2                               | 1.1                              |
| Sommerhus                    | > 149 m² total area | 5.4                               | 1.1                              |
| Campinghytte                 | ≤ 149 m² total area | 3.2                               | 1.1                              |
| Campinghytte                 | > 149 m² total area | 5.4                               | 1.1                              |
| Anden feriebolig             | ≤ 149 m² total area | 3.2                               | 1.1                              |
| Anden feriebolig             | > 149 m² total area | 5.4                               | 1.1                              |
| Ikke defineret               | —                   | Not yet defined                   | —                                |

**Andet byggeri (Other construction)**

| Building type       | Applies to | Threshold (kg CO₂-eq / m² / year) | Installation threshold (A4 + A5) |
| ------------------- | ---------- | --------------------------------- | -------------------------------- |
| Kontor              | All sizes  | 6.1                               | 1.1                              |
| Skole / institution | All sizes  | 6.4                               | 1.1                              |
| Handel              | All sizes  | 6.1                               | 1.1                              |
| Lager o. lign.      | All sizes  | 6.1                               | 1.1                              |
| Produktion          | All sizes  | 6.4                               | 1.1                              |
| Hotel               | All sizes  | 6.4                               | 1.1                              |
| Øvrigt byggeri      | All sizes  | 6.4                               | 1.1                              |
| Ikke defineret      | —          | Not yet defined                   | —                                |

<Note>
  Category structure and the 149 m² size split match BR18 (2025); the difference is the tighter threshold values and the lower installation-emissions threshold (1.1 vs 1.5 kg CO₂-eq / m² / year).
</Note>

## BR18 (2023)

The 2023 ruleset of [BR18 §297–298](https://www.bygningsreglementet.dk/historisk/version-16/tekniske-bestemmelser/11/krav/297_298/#9f612352-75a4-45ad-b877-5149273d7a98) — the predecessor to BR18 (2025). Applied to new buildings ≥ 1,000 m² gross floor area for the limit-value requirement; documentation was required for all new buildings.

<LifecyclePhases included={['A1A3', 'B4', 'B6', 'C3', 'C4', 'D']} note="Blue = required modules under BR18 §297–298 (2023 ruleset)." />

* **Threshold:** **12 kg CO₂-eq / m² / year** (single value, all building types).
* **Output:** BR18 Excel export.

## Low emission (2023)

The voluntary low-emission class for BR18 (2023) — same module set, lower limit value.

<LifecyclePhases included={['A1A3', 'B4', 'B6', 'C3', 'C4', 'D']} note="Same modules as BR18 (2023). Difference is the tighter threshold." />

* **Threshold:** **8 kg CO₂-eq / m² / year**.

## Reduction roadmap

A voluntary ambition track aligned with Denmark's national climate trajectory. Same modules as BR18 (2023); the threshold sits between the low-emission and target-zero ambitions.

<LifecyclePhases included={['A1A3', 'B4', 'B6', 'C3', 'C4', 'D']} note="Same modules as BR18 (2023)." />

* **Threshold:** **6.55 kg CO₂-eq / m² / year**.

## Custom

The user-defined calculation type. Has no fixed reference study period and no fixed module set — you choose which lifecycle modules to include, the indicator, and the unit. Use Custom for company-specific standards, parallel reporting alongside a regulatory submission, or any scenario where none of the pre-configured BR18 variants apply.

[Level(s)](/methodology-and-compliance/levels) (full EN 15978 module set, no threshold) is also available for Danish projects and is the recommended starting point for cross-border or whole-life-cycle reporting alongside a BR18 submission.

## Reference Service Life

All Danish calculation types use the **BR18 lifetime table** as the source of reference service life for module B4 replacement. Component-level RSL can be overridden per project — see [Assumptions and defaults](/methodology-and-compliance/assumptions-and-defaults).

## Limitations

* BR18 documentation covers GWP only; other EN 15804+A2 indicators are reported when EPD data is available but not required by the regulation.
* The per-building-type threshold values for BR18 (2025) and Low emission (2025) are maintained in the platform and surfaced on the project's report; consult the regulator's published list for the authoritative numbers when an audit-grade reference is needed.